Dysplastic nevus - 发育不良痣
Dysplastic nevi ― 建议西方人进行活检。
relevance score : -100.0%
ReferencesDysplastic nevus（非典型痣或克拉克痣）在皮肤科和皮肤病理学中引发争议。医生常对这些痣进行活检，因为它们外观异常，可能提示黑色素瘤风险。
A dysplastic nevus is also referred to as an atypical or Clarks nevus and has been the topic of much debate in the fields of dermatology and dermatopathology. It is an acquired mole demonstrating a unique clinical and histopathologic appearance that sets it apart from the common nevus. These moles appear atypical clinically, often with a fried-egg appearance, and are commonly biopsied by providers due to the concern for melanoma.
A dysplastic nevus is also referred to as an atypical or Clarks nevus and has been the topic of much debate in the fields of dermatology and dermatopathology. It is an acquired mole demonstrating a unique clinical and histopathologic appearance that sets it apart from the common nevus. These moles appear atypical clinically, often with a fried-egg appearance, and are commonly biopsied by providers due to the concern for melanoma.
Dysplastic nevi，也称为非典型痣或克拉克痣，有时会发展为黑色素瘤。约36%的黑色素瘤出现在发育异常痣附近。发育异常痣可能转变为黑色素瘤的提示包括形状不规则、色素变化明显或呈灰色。此类癌症通常发生在较年轻的患者（约30岁左右），常为多发，且多见于躯干。从基因层面看，Dysplastic nevi介于良性痣和黑色素瘤之间。但只有20%至30%的黑色素瘤来源于已有的痣。由于大多数痣不会恶变为黑色素瘤，通常不建议预防性切除。
Dysplastic nevus, also called atypical or Clark nevus, can be precursor to melanoma, as the observation that 36% of melanomas have dysplastic nevi near the invasive tumor supports. Signs that a dysplastic nevus may have transitioned into a melanoma include asymmetry in contour, a noticeable increase in pigment variations, or a grayish tint indicating regression. These malignancies typically arise at a younger age (mid-thirties), are sometimes multiple, and are often found on the trunk. Molecularly, dysplastic nevi have a profile intermediate between benign nevi and malignant melanoma. While there is a recognized connection between dysplastic nevi and melanoma, it’s crucial to note that only about 20% to 30% of melanomas evolve from preexisting nevi. Given that the majority of dysplastic and typical nevi do not develop into melanoma, preventive removal of melanocytic nevi is not typically advised.
Dysplastic nevus, also called atypical or Clark nevus, can be precursor to melanoma, as the observation that 36% of melanomas have dysplastic nevi near the invasive tumor supports. Signs that a dysplastic nevus may have transitioned into a melanoma include asymmetry in contour, a noticeable increase in pigment variations, or a grayish tint indicating regression. These malignancies typically arise at a younger age (mid-thirties), are sometimes multiple, and are often found on the trunk. Molecularly, dysplastic nevi have a profile intermediate between benign nevi and malignant melanoma. While there is a recognized connection between dysplastic nevi and melanoma, it’s crucial to note that only about 20% to 30% of melanomas evolve from preexisting nevi. Given that the majority of dysplastic and typical nevi do not develop into melanoma, preventive removal of melanocytic nevi is not typically advised.
黑色素瘤是一种肿瘤，由黑色素细胞（负责肤色的细胞）恶性转化而成。黑色素细胞起源于神经嵴，这意味着黑色素瘤不仅可以在皮肤上出现，也可在神经嵴细胞迁移的其他部位（如胃肠道和大脑）发生。早期黑色素瘤（0 期）患者的生存率可达 97%，而晚期（IV 期）患者的生存率则显著下降至约 10%。
A melanoma is a tumor produced by the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Melanocytes are derived from the neural crest; consequently, melanomas, although they usually occur on the skin, can arise in other locations where neural crest cells migrate, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain. The five-year relative survival rate for patients with stage 0 melanoma is 97%, compared with about 10% for those with stage IV disease.
A melanoma is a tumor produced by the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Melanocytes are derived from the neural crest; consequently, melanomas, although they usually occur on the skin, can arise in other locations where neural crest cells migrate, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain. The five-year relative survival rate for patients with stage 0 melanoma is 97%, compared with about 10% for those with stage IV disease.
○ 癌症风险
正如美国白种人研究所示，患有发育不良痣的人一生中罹患黑色素瘤的风险超过 10%。相反，没有发育不良痣的人罹患黑色素瘤的风险低于 1%。
○ 发育不良痣患者的预防措施
通常建议进行皮肤自我检查，以预防黑色素瘤（通过识别可切除的非典型痣）或早期发现已有的肿瘤。有皮肤癌或多发性非典型痣个人或家族史者应每年至少就诊一次皮肤科医生，确保未患黑色素瘤。
缩写 ABCDE 有助于医护人员和非专业人士记住黑色素瘤的关键特征。不幸的是，许多脂溢性角化病、老年雀斑甚至疣也可能呈现 ABCDE 特征，难以与黑色素瘤区分。
○ ABCDE
Asymmetrical（不对称）：皮肤病变呈不对称。
Border（边界）：病变边界不规则。
Color（颜色）：黑色素瘤常表现为多种不均匀颜色。
Diameter（直径）：直径大于 6 毫米的痣比小痣更可能是黑色素瘤。
Evolution（演变）：痣或病变的变化可能提示其正在恶化。